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The Nobel Prize in Literature 2020 has been awarded to the USA poet Louise Glück. WHY FOR? It was awarded for "her unmistakable poetic voice that with austere beauty makes individual existence universal." Her poetry focuses on the painful reality of being human, dealing with themes such as death, childhood, and family life. She is the fourth woman to win the prize for literature since 2010. NOBEL IN LITERATURE The Nobel Prize in Literature is a Swedish literature prize that is awarded annually, since 1901. Though individual works are sometimes cited as being particularly noteworthy, the award is based on an author's body of work as a whole.  The Swedish Academy decides who, if anyone, will receive the prize.  Sully Prudhomme was the first person to receive the honour. INDIANS IN LITERATURE  Poet and writer Rabindranath Tagore was the first non-European and Indian to get a Nobel Prize in 1913 in literature.

American economists, Paul Milgrom and Robert Wilson were awarded the Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences, 2020. WHY FOR? They were awarded for their work on commercial auctions. Milgrom and Wilson improved the auction theory and invented new auction formats for auctioning off many interrelated objects simultaneously, on behalf of a seller motivated by broad societal benefit rather than maximal revenue. Robert Wilson developed the theory for auctions of objects with a common value – a value which is uncertain beforehand but, in the end, is the same for everyone. Paul Milgrom formulated a more general theory of auctions that not only allows common values, but also private values that vary from bidder to bidder. Their work will help in auctioning goods and services, such as radio frequencies, which are difficult to sell in traditional ways. MEMORIAL IN ECONOMICS   The Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences is officially known as the Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Scie...

 The 2020 Nobel Peace Prize has been awarded to the World Food Programme (WFP). WHY FOR? It was awarded for its efforts to combat hunger, bettering conditions for peace in conflict-affected areas and preventing the use of hunger as a weapon of war and conflict. UN WORLD FOOD PROGRAMME The World Food Programme[a] (WFP) is the food-assistance branch of the United Nations.  It is the world's largest humanitarian organization. Founded: 1961. Headquarters: Rome, Italy Head: David Beasley Parent organization: United Nations General Assembly. NOBEL PEACE PRIZE It is presented by Norwegian Nobel Committee since 1901 The Peace Prize is the only Nobel Prize not presented in Stockholm. Henry Dunant of Switzerland for his role in founding the International Committee of the Red Cross and Frédéric Passy of France for being one of the main founders of the Inter-Parliamentary Union and also the main organizer of the first Universal Peace Congress were awarded the first peace prize. The high...

Emmanuelle Charpentier of France and Jennifer A Doudna of the USA were awarded the 2020 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. WHY FOR? They were awarded for developing CRISPR/Cas9 genetic scissors, which is one of gene technology’s sharpest tools. It was for the first time that a Nobel science prize has gone to a women-only team. The CRISPR/Cas9 genetic scissors can be used to change the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) of animals, plants and microorganisms with extremely high precision. The CRISPR/Cas9 tool has already contributed to significant gains in crop resilience, altering their genetic code to better withstand drought and pests. The technology has contributed to new cancer therapies. CISPR TECHNOLOGY The CRISPR (short for Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats) technology for gene-editing was first developed in 2012. It makes gene sequencing very easy, simple and extremely efficient providing nearly endless possibilities. NOBEL IN CHEMISTRY The Nobel Prize in Chemistry is aw...

Awarded to three astrophysicists  Roger Penrose  from the UK,  Reinhard Genzel  from Germany, and   Andrea Ghez  from the USA. WHAT FOR? Roger Penrose received half of this year’s prize for the discovery that a black hole   formation is a robust prediction of the general theory of relativity. The theory explains gravity, as objects try to follow a straight line through a universe whose geometry is warped by matter and energy. As a result, planets, as well as light beams, follow curving paths. Genzel and Ghez received the second half of the prize for the discovery of a   supermassive black hole   at the centre of the Milkyway galaxy, now known to be the Sagittarius A*. It has a mass four million times that of the Sun and is confined to an area roughly the size of our Solar System. BLACK HOLE The term ‘black hole’ was coined in the mid-1960s by American Physicist John Archibald Wheeler. Black hole refers to a point in space where matter is...

 -Nobel Prize for Physiology/Medicine 2020. • Americans Harvey J Alter and Charles M Rice , and British scientist Michael Houghton were awarded the Nobel Prize for Medicine or Physiology, 2020 for the discovery of the Hepatitis C Virus. • The discovery helped in finding a cure for the disease, and effective anti-viral drugs are now available. • Tests have also been developed to identify blood containing this virus, so that infected blood is not given to any patient. • The Nobel award comes with a gold medal and prize money of 10 million Swedish kronor (over USD 1,118,000) and was created by Swedish inventor Alfred Nobel. HEPATITIS  • Hepatitis refers to an inflammatory condition of the liver. • It’s commonly caused by a viral infection, but there are other possible causes of hepatitis like autoimmune responses, medications, drugs, toxins, and alcohol. • There are 5 main hepatitis viruses, referred to as types A, B, C, D, and E. • World Hepatitis Day is observed each year on 2...